How to Analyse a Historical Cartoon for Meaning and Bias

Being able to analyse a historical cartoon means you can explain what message it is sending, spot any bias, and understand the historical context. Here’s how to do it step by step, with practical tips you can use on any cartoon in your history class.

Step-by-Step Tips for Analysing a Historical Cartoon

1. Look at the Details First

• Observe every element: people, objects, labels, speech bubbles, and background.
• Write down what you see before you try to interpret anything.

2. Identify the Main Message

• Ask yourself: What is the cartoonist trying to say about this event or person?
• Consider the title or any labels for clues.

3. Spot Symbols and Exaggeration

• Cartoons use symbols (like a dove for peace or a bear for Russia) and exaggerate features to make a point.
• List any symbols and think about what they usually mean.

4. Consider the Context

• When and where was the cartoon published? What was happening in history at that time?
• How might the cartoonist’s country or audience affect the message?

5. Detect Bias

• Is the cartoon for or against someone or something? How do you know?
• Look for clues in facial expressions, size of figures, or who looks foolish or heroic.

Worked Example: Analysing a World War I Cartoon

Suppose you have a cartoon from 1914 showing a giant British bulldog facing a small German dachshund. The bulldog is standing strong, while the dachshund looks nervous. The background shows a map of Europe.

• Details: Two dogs, British and German symbols, map of Europe, 1914 date.
• Main message: Britain is strong and ready; Germany is weaker or worried.
• Symbols: Bulldog = Britain (strength), dachshund = Germany (smaller, less threatening).
• Context: Early WWI, British propaganda aimed at boosting morale.
• Bias: The cartoon favours Britain, making Germany look weak.

Common Mistakes and How to Avoid Them

• Just describing, not analysing: Don’t just list what you see—always explain what it means.
• Missing the context: Always check when and where the cartoon was published.
• Ignoring bias: Every cartoon has a point of view—look for it!

Try It Yourself

Find a historical cartoon about any event you’re studying. List three symbols you see and write one sentence explaining what each symbol means in context.

Takeaway

Analysing historical cartoons is about more than spotting funny drawings—it’s about reading between the lines to understand opinions and context. Practise with different cartoons to build your confidence.